How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack On CentOS 6

LAMP stack is a group of open source software used to get web servers up and running. The acronym stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Since the server is already running CentOS, the linux part is taken care of. Here is how to install the rest.

Step 1—Install Apache

To install apache, open terminal and type in this command:

#yum install httpd

Once it installs, you can start apache running:

#service httpd start

That’s it. To check if Apache is installed, direct your browser to your server’s IP address (http://Your-server-ip-adress). The page should display the words “It works!".

Step 2—Install MySQL

To install MySQL, open terminal and type in these commands:

#yum install mysql-server

#service mysqld start

During the installation, MySQL will ask you for your permission twice. After you say Yes to both, MySQL will install.

Once it is done installing, you can set a root MySQL password:

sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

The prompt will ask you for your current root password.

Since you just installed MySQL, you most likely won’t have one, so leave it blank by pressing enter.

mysql> Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Then the prompt will ask you if you want to set a root password. Go ahead and choose Y and follow the instructions.

CentOS automates the process of setting up MySQL, asking you a series of yes or no questions.

It’s easiest just to say Yes to all the options. At the end, MySQL will reload and implement the new changes.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for

them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation

go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a

production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y                                           

 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed

before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

 - Dropping test database...

 ... Success!

 - Removing privileges on test database...

 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL

installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!

Step 3—Install PHP

PHP is an open source web scripting language that is widely used to build dynamic webpages.

To install PHP on your virtual private server, open terminal and type in this command:

#yum install php php-mysql

Once you answer yes to the PHP prompt, PHP will be installed.

Step 4—RESULTS: See PHP on your Server

Although LAMP is installed on your virtual server, we can still take a look and see the components online by creating a quick php info page

To set this up, first create a new file:

# vi /var/www/html/info.php

Add in the following line:

<?php

phpinfo();

?>

Then Save and Exit.

Restart apache so that all of the changes take effect on your virtual server:

sudo service httpd restart

Finish up by visiting your php info page (http://Your-server-ip-adress/info.php

How To Install Sopcast On Ubuntu

 As you may know, Sopcast is needed if you want to watch TV channels online

In this article I will show you how to install Sopcast 0.8.5 on Ubuntu 13.10.

Because it is available via PPA, installing Sopcast 0.8.5 on the listed Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Pear OS systems is easy. All you have to do is add the ppa to your system, update the local repository index and install the sopcast package. Like this:

  

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lyc256/sopcast-player-ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install sopcast-player 

Linux / Unix Command: dump

NAME

dump - ext2 filesystem backup

SYNOPSIS

dump [-0123456789ackMnqSu [-A file ] ] [-Brecords ] [-b blocksize ] [-d density ] [-e inode numbers ] [-E file ] [-f file ] [-F script ] [-h level ] [-I nr errors ] [-j compression level ] [-L label ] [-Q file ] [-sfeet ] [-T date ] [-z compression level ] files-to-dump 
dump [-W | -w ]

(The BSD 4.3 option syntax is implemented for backward compatibility but is not documented here.)

DESCRIPTION

Dump examines files on an ext2 filesystem and determines which files need to be backed up. These files are copied to the given disk, tape or other storage medium for safe keeping (see the -f option below for doing remote backups). A dump that is larger than the output medium is broken into multiple volumes. On most media the size is determined by writing until an end-of-media indication is returned.

On media that cannot reliably return an end-of-media indication (such as some cartridge tape drives), each volume is of a fixed size; the actual size is determined by specifying cartridge media, or via the tape size, density and/or block count options below. By default, the same output file name is used for each volume after prompting the operator to change media.

files-to-dump is either a mountpoint of a filesystem or a list of files and directories to be backed up as a subset of a filesystem. In the former case, either the path to a mounted filesystem or the device of an unmounted filesystem can be used. In the latter case, certain restrictions are placed on the backup: -u is not allowed, the only dump level that is supported is -0 and all the files and directories must reside on the same filesystem.

The following options are supported by :

-0-9

Dump levels. A level 0, full backup, guarantees the entire file system is copied (but see also the -h option below). A level number above 0, incremental backup, tells dump to copy all files new or modified since the last dump of a lower level. The default level is 9.

-a

``auto-size'' Bypass all tape length calculations, and write until an end-of-media indication is returned. This works best for most modern tape drives, and is the default. Use of this option is particularly recommended when appending to an existing tape, or using a tape drive with hardware compression (where you can never be sure about the compression ratio).

-A archive_file

Archive a dump table-of-contents in the specified archive_file to be used by restore(8) to determine whether a file is in the dump file that is being restored.

-b blocksize

The number of kilobytes per dump record. Since the IO system slices all requests into chunks of MAXBSIZE (typically 64kB), it is not possible to use a larger blocksize without having problems later with restore(8). Therefore dump will constrain writes to MAXBSIZE. The default blocksize is 10.

-B records

The number of 1 kB blocks per volume. Not normally required, as dump can detect end-of-media. When the specified size is reached, dump waits for you to change the volume. This option overrides the calculation of tape size based on length and density. If compression is on this limits the size of the compressed output per volume.

-c

Change the defaults for use with a cartridge tape drive, with a density of 8000 bpi, and a length of 1700 feet. Specifying a cartridge drive overrides the end-of-media detection.

-d density

Set tape density to density The default is 1600BPI. Specifying a tape density overrides the end-of-media detection.

-e inodes

Exclude inodes from the dump. The inodes parameter is a comma separated list of inode numbers (you can use stat to find the inode number for a file or directory).

-E file

Read list of inodes to be excluded from the dump from the text file file The file file should be an ordinary file containing inode numbers separated by newlines.

-f file

Write the backup to file file may be a special device file like /dev/st0 (a tape drive), /dev/rsd1c (a floppy disk drive), an ordinary file, or `- ' (the standard output). Multiple file names may be given as a single argument separated by commas. Each file will be used for one dump volume in the order listed; if the dump requires more volumes than the number of names given, the last file name will used for all remaining volumes after prompting for media changes. If the name of the file is of the form ``host:file'' or ``user@host:file'' dump writes to the named file on the remote host using rmt(8). The default path name of the remote rmt(8) program is /etc/rmt this can be overridden by the environment variable RMT

-F script

Run script at the end of each tape. The device name and the current volume number are passed on the command line. The script must return 0 if dump should continue without asking the user to change the tape, 1 if dump should continue but ask the user to change the tape. Any other exit code will cause dump to abort. For security reasons,dump reverts back to the real user ID and the real group ID before running the script.

-h level

Honor the user ``nodump'' flag Dp Dv UF_NODUMP only for dumps at or above the givenlevel The default honor level is 1, so that incremental backups omit such files but full backups retain them.

-I nr errors

By default, dump will ignore the first 32 read errors on the file system before asking for operator intervention. You can change this using this flag to any value. This is useful when running dump on an active filesystem where read errors simply indicate an inconsistency between the mapping and dumping passes.

-j compression level

Compress every block to be written on the tape using bzlib library. This option will work only when dumping to a file or pipe or, when dumping to a tape drive, if the tape drive is capable of writing variable length blocks. You will need at least the 0.4b24 version of restore in order to extract compressed tapes. Tapes written using compression will not be compatible with the BSD tape format. The (optional) parameter specifies the compression level bzlib will use. The default compression level is 2. If the optional parameter is specified, there should be no white space between the option letter and the parameter.

-k

Use Kerberos authentication to talk to remote tape servers. (Only available if this option was enabled when dump was compiled.)

-L label

The user-supplied text string label is placed into the dump header, where tools likerestore(8) and file(1) can access it. Note that this label is limited to be at most LBLSIZE (currently 16) characters, which must include the terminating `\0'

-m

If this flag is specified, dump will optimise the output for inodes having been changed but not modified since the last dump ('changed' and 'modified' have the meaning defined in stat(2)). For those inodes, dump will save only the metadata, instead of saving the entire inode contents. Inodes which are either directories or have been modified since the last dump are saved in a regular way. Uses of this flag must be consistent, meaning that either every dump in an incremental dump set have the flag, or no one has it.

Tapes written using such 'metadata only' inodes will not be compatible with the BSD tape format or older versions of restore.

-M

Enable the multi-volume feature. The name specified with -f is treated as a prefix anddump writes in sequence to 001, 002 etc. This can be useful when dumping to files on an ext2 partition, in order to bypass the 2GB file size limitation.

-n

Whenever dump requires operator attention, notify all operators in the group ``operator'' by means similar to a wall(1).

-q

Make dump abort immediately whenever operator attention is required, without prompting in case of write errors, tape changes etc.

-Q file

Enable the Quick File Access support. Tape positions for each inode are stored into the file file which is used by restore (if called with parameter Q and the filename) to directly position the tape at the file restore is currently working on. This saves hours when restoring single files from large backups, saves the tapes and the drive's head.

It is recommended to set up the st driver to return logical tape positions rather than physical before calling dump/restore with parameter Q. Since not all tape devices support physical tape positions those tape devices return an error during dump/restore when the st driver is set to the default physical setting. Please see the st man page, option MTSETDRVBUFFER, or the mt man page, on how to set the driver to return logical tape positions.

Before calling restore with parameter Q, always make sure the st driver is set to return the same type of tape position used during the call to dump. Otherwise restore may be confused.

This option can be used when dumping to local tapes (see above) or to local files.

-s feet

Attempt to calculate the amount of tape needed at a particular density. If this amount is exceeded, dump prompts for a new tape. It is recommended to be a bit conservative on this option. The default tape length is 2300 feet. Specifying the tape size overrides end-of-media detection.

-S

Size estimate. Determine the amount of space that is needed to perform the dump without actually doing it, and display the estimated number of bytes it will take. This is useful with incremental dumps to determine how many volumes of media will be needed.

-T date

Use the specified date as the starting time for the dump instead of the time determined from looking in /etc/dumpdates The format of date is the same as that of ctime(3). This option is useful for automated dump scripts that wish to dump over a specific period of time. The -T option is mutually exclusive from the -u option.

-u

Update the file /etc/dumpdates after a successful dump. The format of /etc/dumpdates is readable by people, consisting of one free format record per line: filesystem name, increment level and ctime(3) format dump date. There may be only one entry per filesystem at each level. The file /etc/dumpdates may be edited to change any of the fields, if necessary.

-W

Dump tells the operator what file systems need to be dumped. This information is gleaned from the files /etc/dumpdates and /etc/fstab The -W option causes dump to print out, for all file systems in /etc/dumpdates and regognized file systems in /etc/fstab the most recent dump date and level, and highlights those that should be dumped. If the -W option is set, all other options are ignored, and dump exits immediately.

-w

Is like -W but prints only recognized filesystems in /etc/fstab which need to be dumped.

-z compression level

Compress every block to be written on the tape using zlib library. This option will work only when dumping to a file or pipe or, when dumping to a tape drive, if the tape drive is capable of writing variable length blocks. You will need at least the 0.4b22 version of restore in order to extract compressed tapes. Tapes written using compression will not be compatible with the BSD tape format. The (optional) parameter specifies the compression level zlib will use. The default compression level is 2. If the optional parameter is specified, there should be no white space between the option letter and the parameter.

Dump requires operator intervention on these conditions: end of tape, end of dump, tape write error, tape open error or disk read error (if there is more than a threshold of nr errors). In addition to alerting all operators implied by the -n key, dump interacts with the operator ondump's control terminal at times when dump can no longer proceed, or if something is grossly wrong. All questions dump poses must be answered by typing ``yes'' or ``no'' appropriately.

Since making a dump involves a lot of time and effort for full dumps, dump checkpoints itself at the start of each tape volume. If writing that volume fails for some reason, dump will, with operator permission, restart itself from the checkpoint after the old tape has been rewound and removed, and a new tape has been mounted.

Dump tells the operator what is going on at periodic intervals, including usually low estimates of the number of blocks to write, the number of tapes it will take, the time to completion, and the time to the tape change. The output is verbose, so that others know that the terminal controlling dump is busy, and will be for some time.

In the event of a catastrophic disk event, the time required to restore all the necessary backup tapes or files to disk can be kept to a minimum by staggering the incremental dumps. An efficient method of staggering incremental dumps to minimize the number of tapes follows:

• Always start with a level 0 backup, for example:

  /sbin/dump -0u -f /dev/st0 /usr/src
  

  This should be done at set intervals, say once a month or once every two months, and on a set of fresh tapes that is saved forever.
• After a level 0, dumps of active file systems are taken on a daily basis, using a modified Tower of Hanoi algorithm, with this sequence of dump levels:

  3 2 5 4 7 6 9 8 9 9 ...
  

  For the daily dumps, it should be possible to use a fixed number of tapes for each day, used on a weekly basis. Each week, a level 1 dump is taken, and the daily Hanoi sequence repeats beginning with 3. For weekly dumps, another fixed set of tapes per dumped file system is used, also on a cyclical basis.

After several months or so, the daily and weekly tapes should get rotated out of the dump cycle and fresh tapes brought in.

 Source : http://linux.about.com/od/commands/l/blcmdl8_dump.htm

Installing common softwares like wget in AIX using ftp

Most of the common softwares required in AIX can be found at ftp.software.ibm.comand they can be installed by following the simple steps below.

Connect to FTP:
ftp ftp.software.ibm.com
Name> ftp
Password> write anything

Browse to the folder and fetch the file:
(wget is used as an example here)
ftp> cd aix/freeSoftware/aixtoolbox/RPMS/ppc/wget
ftp> binary
ftp> get wget-1.9.1-1.aix5.1.ppc.rpm
ftp> quit

Install the rpm:
rpm -hUv wget-1.9.1-1.aix5.1.ppc.rpm